Detail Cantuman Kembali
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication
Group status refers to the extent to which members of a group are respected and admired by
others. All known societies are characterized by status stratifications, with the most advantaged
groups enjoying a more-than-fair share of the total wealth and prestige. Most ordinary criteria to
categorize people into groups possess value connotations that eventually uphold prestige
hierarchies. Gender, ethnicity, and age—but also disability, weight, sexual orientation, and of
course education, income, and class background—are major criteria of social stratification.
Established status characteristics may consist of ascribed (e.g., gender) or achieved (e.g.,
occupation) qualities. They may further consist of groups with more (e.g., gender) or less (e.g.,
race, social class) contact and mutual interdependence. Status hierarchies are manifold, and the
best metaphor encompassing their diversity is that of a vertical dimension that ranks groups’
status and prestige. Generally, members of high-status groups praise individualistic and
autonomous self-conceptions and show self-directedness, whereas the opposite tendencies
prevail toward the bottom of the status hierarchy. Socialization practices (e.g., parental
education, peers, school, and the workplace) take center stage in explaining how members of
status groups acquire these contrasting habits and characteristics. However, recent social
psychological research sheds light on more general processes related to how people interpret
and react to specific situations. Major contributions of social psychological analyses of group
status are found in social identity theory, social role theory, status construction theory, the
stereotype content model, and social dominance and system justification theories. Despite
substantial differences, these perspectives complement each other to account for the formation,
the maintenance, and the change of status hierarchies. Status hierarchies are not only pervasive
and inevitable but also crucial in their consequences. Status contributes to a wealth of
phenomena, including subjective well-being, mental, and physical health, etc. Important for the
present discussion is research investigating how group status affects verbal and nonverbal
communication between members of high- and low-status groups.
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi - Personal Name
9780190228613
NONE
Computer File
Inggris
Oxford University Press Inc
2017
United States of America
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